[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":343},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page:\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Flaw-7579-turkey-construction-building-inspection-changes\u002F":3,"nav:en":267},{"kind":4,"locale":5,"path":6,"alternates":7,"seo":11,"breadcrumbs":17,"jsonld":26,"data":186,"dims":263},"blog","en","\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Flaw-7579-turkey-construction-building-inspection-changes\u002F",{"tr":8,"en":6,"ar":9,"ru":10},"\u002Fblog\u002F7579-sayili-kanun-insaat-yapi-denetimi-degisiklikleri\u002F","\u002Far\u002Fblog\u002Flaw-7579-turkey-construction-building-inspection-changes\u002F","\u002Fru\u002Fblog\u002Fzakon-7579-izmeneniya-v-stroitelstve-turtsii\u002F",{"title":12,"description":13,"image":14,"canonical":6,"type":15,"published":16,"modified":16},"Turkey's Law 7579: Construction Changes (2026) | ÇET Yapı","Law No. 7579, in force since 22 May 2026: TRY 500,000 fines for ready-mixed concrete, licensed soil survey firms, periodic fire safety checks, operating.","\u002Fimages\u002Fuploads\u002F2025\u002F06\u002Fdeu-necat-hepkon-spor-kompleksi-img-04.jpg","article","2026-11-08",[18,21,24],{"text":19,"href":20},"Home","\u002Fen\u002F",{"text":22,"href":23},"Blog","\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002F",{"text":25},"Turkey's Law No. 7579: What Changed for Contractors, Concrete, Soil Surveys and Fire Safety (2026)",[27,40,62,91],{"@type":28,"itemListElement":29},"BreadcrumbList",[30,34,37],{"@type":31,"position":32,"name":19,"item":33},"ListItem",1,"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cetyapi.com.tr\u002Fen\u002F",{"@type":31,"position":35,"name":22,"item":36},2,"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cetyapi.com.tr\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002F",{"@type":31,"position":38,"name":25,"item":39},3,"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cetyapi.com.tr\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Flaw-7579-turkey-construction-building-inspection-changes\u002F",{"@type":41,"@id":42,"headline":25,"description":43,"datePublished":16,"dateModified":16,"inLanguage":5,"image":44,"author":45,"publisher":51,"mainEntityOfPage":39,"keywords":52,"articleSection":53,"wordCount":54,"mentions":55},"BlogPosting","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cetyapi.com.tr\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Flaw-7579-turkey-construction-building-inspection-changes\u002F#article","Law No. 7579, in force since 22 May 2026: TRY 500,000 fines for ready-mixed concrete, licensed soil survey firms, periodic fire safety checks, operating budgets in condominiums and protection of urban transformation grants.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cetyapi.com.tr\u002Fimages\u002Fuploads\u002F2025\u002F06\u002Fdeu-necat-hepkon-spor-kompleksi-img-04.jpg",{"@type":46,"name":47,"url":48,"parentOrganization":49},"Organization","ÇET Yapı Editorial Team","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cetyapi.com.tr\u002F",{"@id":50},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cetyapi.com.tr\u002F#organization",{"@id":50},"Law 7579 Turkey, Turkey building inspection law 2026, ready-mixed concrete fine Turkey, soil survey Turkey, fire safety report Turkey, kentsel dönüşüm grant","Legal & Guarantees",877,[56,58,60],{"@id":57},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cetyapi.com.tr\u002Fen\u002Fprojects\u002Fdeu-necat-hepkon-spor-kompleksi\u002F#project",{"@id":59},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cetyapi.com.tr\u002Fen\u002Fprojects\u002Fyesilkoy-ates-sitesi\u002F#project",{"@id":61},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cetyapi.com.tr\u002Fen\u002Fprojects\u002Fcet-merter-insaya-residences\u002F#project",{"@type":63,"mainEntity":64},"FAQPage",[65,71,75,79,83,87],{"@type":66,"name":67,"acceptedAnswer":68},"Question","When did Law No. 7579 take effect?",{"@type":69,"text":70},"Answer","It was adopted on 7 May 2026 and published in Official Gazette No. 33261 on 22 May 2026. Most provisions took effect on publication; the first paragraph of Article 24, on soil and foundation survey firms, takes effect on 31 December 2026.",{"@type":66,"name":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What fines apply to ready-mixed concrete?",{"@type":69,"text":74},"TRY 500,000 for supplying ready-mixed concrete for buildings without a permit; TRY 500,000 for producers whose concrete fails core (karot) tests; and TRY 250,000 where the truck label or QR-coded delivery note is missing or does not match.",{"@type":66,"name":76,"acceptedAnswer":77},"Who will carry out soil surveys?",{"@type":69,"text":78},"From 31 December 2026, soil and foundation survey firms licensed by the Ministry, with at least one partner who is a geologist, geophysicist or civil engineer. Implementation starts in a pilot province chosen by the Ministry.",{"@type":66,"name":80,"acceptedAnswer":81},"Do existing buildings need a fire safety report?",{"@type":69,"text":82},"The law introduces periodic fire safety checks for buildings with an occupancy permit, on the owner's application, ending in a fire safety report. Which buildings are covered, how often and at what fee will be set by a Ministry regulation.",{"@type":66,"name":84,"acceptedAnswer":85},"What changed for building management fees?",{"@type":69,"text":86},"The operating budget (işletme projesi) is approved by the general meeting of owners. If there is none, the manager prepares a provisional one and the general meeting must decide within three months. Advances may be collected until the budget is approved.",{"@type":66,"name":88,"acceptedAnswer":89},"Can an urban transformation grant be seized for a contractor's debts?",{"@type":69,"text":90},"No. Grants and loans from the Urban Transformation Presidency cannot be transferred, assigned, pledged or seized for the debts of the owner or the contractor, and cannot be included in a bankruptcy estate.",{"@type":92,"@id":50,"name":94,"alternateName":95,"legalName":99,"identifier":100,"hasCredential":108,"url":48,"logo":115,"image":117,"description":118,"foundingDate":119,"founder":120,"email":123,"telephone":124,"address":125,"geo":132,"hasMap":136,"contactPoint":137,"openingHoursSpecification":142,"areaServed":152,"knowsAbout":175,"sameAs":183},[46,93],"GeneralContractor","ÇET Yapı Turizm A.Ş.",[96,97,98],"ÇET Yapı","Çet Yapı","CET Yapi","ÇET YAPI TURİZM ANONİM ŞİRKETİ",[101,105],{"@type":102,"propertyID":103,"value":104},"PropertyValue","MERSİS","0242051074500011",{"@type":102,"propertyID":106,"value":107},"İstanbul Ticaret Sicil No","818550-0",{"@type":109,"credentialCategory":110,"name":111,"recognizedBy":112},"EducationalOccupationalCredential","license","Yapı Müteahhitliği Yetki Belgesi – E grubu (No 0034211566204056)",{"@type":113,"name":114},"GovernmentOrganization","T.C. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı",{"@type":116,"url":117},"ImageObject","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cetyapi.com.tr\u002Fimages\u002Ftheme\u002Fcet-yapi-logo.png","Founded in Istanbul in 1993, ÇET Yapı is a Turkish contractor delivering turnkey school campuses, housing, urban transformation, design and restoration.","1993",{"@type":121,"name":122},"Person","Doç. Dr. Ahmet Çetinsaya","info@cetyapi.com.tr","+902126623000",{"@type":126,"streetAddress":127,"addressLocality":128,"addressRegion":129,"postalCode":130,"addressCountry":131},"PostalAddress","Çobançeşme Mah. Sanayi Cad. No:44 Nish İstanbul Residence D Blok D:186 Yenibosna","Bahçelievler","İstanbul","34197","TR",{"@type":133,"latitude":134,"longitude":135},"GeoCoordinates",40.99583,28.82442,"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.google.com\u002Fmaps\u002Fsearch\u002F?api=1&query=40.99583,28.82442",{"@type":138,"contactType":139,"telephone":124,"email":123,"areaServed":131,"availableLanguage":140},"ContactPoint","customer service",[141],"Turkish",{"@type":143,"dayOfWeek":144,"opens":150,"closes":151},"OpeningHoursSpecification",[145,146,147,148,149],"Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","09:00","18:00",[153,156,158,161,163,165,167,169,171,173],{"@type":154,"name":155},"Country","Türkiye",{"@type":157,"name":129},"City",{"@type":159,"name":160},"AdministrativeArea","Beşiktaş, İstanbul",{"@type":159,"name":162},"Kadıköy, İstanbul",{"@type":159,"name":164},"Sarıyer, İstanbul",{"@type":159,"name":166},"Bakırköy, İstanbul",{"@type":159,"name":168},"Üsküdar, İstanbul",{"@type":159,"name":170},"Şişli, İstanbul",{"@type":159,"name":172},"Bahçelievler, İstanbul",{"@type":159,"name":174},"Güngören, İstanbul",[176,177,178,179,180,181,182],"School construction","Educational campus construction","Urban transformation","Real estate development","Architectural design","Historic building restoration","Turnkey construction",[184,185],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.instagram.com\u002Fcet_yapi\u002F","https:\u002F\u002Fx.com\u002FCetYapi",{"title":25,"html":187,"toc":188,"tldr":216,"faq":222,"sources":229,"image":14,"imageAlt":236,"published":237,"publishedIso":16,"modified":238,"modifiedIso":16,"reading":239,"related":240,"more":250,"urbanCta":238},"\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Law No. 7579\u003C\u002Fstrong>, published in Turkey&#39;s Official Gazette on 22 May 2026, is an omnibus law that amends the Zoning Law (İmar Kanunu), the Building Inspection Law, the Condominium Law (Kat Mülkiyeti Kanunu) and several others at once. It combines rules that directly affect construction quality — concrete, soil surveys and fire safety — with rules on building management and urban transformation that matter to property owners.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"who-is-affected\">Who is affected?\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"table-responsive\">\u003Ctable class=\"table table-striped table-hover\">\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>Who\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>Main change\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>Owners and building managers\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>Periodic fire safety checks, operating budget approval\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>Owners planning urban transformation\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>Grants and loans protected from seizure and assignment\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>Contractors\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>Sealing and five-year cancellation for unlicensed or forged documents\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>Ready-mixed concrete producers\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>Fines of TRY 250,000–500,000\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>Soil survey firms\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>Ministry licence and liability for building damage\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>Site managers and inspectors\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>Daily work and worker logs, electronic tracking\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Ch2 id=\"ready-mixed-concrete-heavy-fines\">Ready-mixed concrete: heavy fines\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>The law adds a definition of &quot;concrete producer&quot; to the Building Inspection Law and makes producers directly subject to sanctions:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>TRY 500,000\u003C\u002Fstrong> for supplying or holding ready-mixed concrete for use in buildings without a building permit.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>TRY 500,000\u003C\u002Fstrong> for producers whose concrete fails the standard in core samples taken from the building.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>TRY 250,000\u003C\u002Fstrong> where the truck mixer label and\u002For QR-coded delivery note is missing or does not match the building.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>For owners, every pour should be documented with its delivery note and QR code — the same evidence behind the concrete-class question in our \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fhow-to-check-if-an-istanbul-apartment-is-earthquake-safe\u002F\">earthquake-safe apartment checklist\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"soil-and-foundation-surveys-licensed-firms-from-31-december-2026\">Soil and foundation surveys: licensed firms from 31 December 2026\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Soil and foundation surveys will be carried out by \u003Cstrong>Ministry-licensed firms\u003C\u002Fstrong> with at least one partner who is a geologist, geophysicist or civil engineer.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Contracts are signed with the project designer or the building owner; fees are paid into an escrow account at the provincial accounting office.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>The firm&#39;s \u003Cstrong>managers, partners and technical staff are liable for building damage\u003C\u002Fstrong> arising under the law.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>A firm that issues false reports loses its licence; partners of a closed firm cannot hold technical roles in any inspection, survey or laboratory firm for \u003Cstrong>three years\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Irregularities in field work, sampling or transport carry a \u003Cstrong>TRY 200,000\u003C\u002Fstrong> fine.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>This paragraph takes effect on \u003Cstrong>31 December 2026\u003C\u002Fstrong> and will start in a \u003Cstrong>pilot province\u003C\u002Fstrong> chosen by the Ministry.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"periodic-fire-safety-checks\">Periodic fire safety checks\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Buildings with an occupancy permit will undergo \u003Cstrong>periodic fire safety checks\u003C\u002Fstrong> on the owner&#39;s timely application, carried out by the municipal fire service or Ministry-authorised \u003Cstrong>fire safety experts\u003C\u002Fstrong>, who issue a \u003Cstrong>fire safety report\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Defects must be remedied within the period set by the authority, \u003Cstrong>not exceeding six months\u003C\u002Fstrong>; defects that require major alterations need a permit. Which buildings are covered, how often and at what fee will be set by a Ministry regulation.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>In older buildings, missing fire escapes or protected exit routes often require major works — a factor worth weighing in the \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fseismic-retrofit-or-rebuild-turkey\u002F\">retrofit or rebuild\u003C\u002Fa> decision.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"contractors-site-managers-and-inspection\">Contractors, site managers and inspection\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Contractors:\u003C\u002Fstrong> working without a contractor licence, or with a classification certificate obtained through forged or false documents, leads to sealing of the building and \u003Cstrong>cancellation of the certificate number for five years\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Site managers\u003C\u002Fstrong> must log daily work and the licensed workers on site.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Inspectors&#39;\u003C\u002Fstrong> assignments are tracked in the Ministry&#39;s electronic system; their names and signatures no longer appear on the building permit.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>This makes the licence check in our guide to \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fhow-to-find-a-reliable-contractor-in-istanbul\u002F\">finding a reliable contractor in Istanbul\u003C\u002Fa> even more important.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"condominiums-operating-budget-and-advances\">Condominiums: operating budget and advances\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>The \u003Cstrong>operating budget\u003C\u002Fstrong> (işletme projesi) is approved by the general meeting of owners. If there is none, the manager prepares a \u003Cstrong>provisional budget\u003C\u002Fstrong> without delay and the general meeting must decide within \u003Cstrong>three months\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Provisional amounts may not exceed the revaluation rate under the Tax Procedure Law.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Advances\u003C\u002Fstrong> may be collected until the budget is approved.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>For housing estates, the \u003Cstrong>four-fifths\u003C\u002Fstrong> majority in Article 70 is reduced to \u003Cstrong>two-thirds\u003C\u002Fstrong>; conflicting provisions of management plans do not apply.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"urban-transformation-grants-cannot-be-seized\">Urban transformation grants cannot be seized\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Grants and loans from the Urban Transformation Presidency \u003Cstrong>cannot be transferred, assigned, set off, pledged or given as security\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong>cannot be seized\u003C\u002Fstrong> for the debts of the owner or the contractor and \u003Cstrong>cannot be included in a bankruptcy estate\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>This protects support paid to the contractor on the owner&#39;s behalf under the \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fyarisi-bizden-half-from-us-campaign-istanbul\u002F\">Yarısı Bizden campaign\u003C\u002Fa>. The contractor&#39;s financial strength still needs checking before signing — see our \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fhow-to-choose-a-contractor-for-urban-transformation-in-turkey\u002F\">urban transformation contractor checklist\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"owner-checklist\">Owner checklist\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>Verify the contractor&#39;s licence and classification certificate number on e-Devlet.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Write into the contract that you will receive the QR-coded delivery note for every pour and the core test results.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Ask which firm carried out the soil survey and whether the report matches the structural design.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Watch for the fire safety regulation and its application deadlines for your existing building.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>If your building has no approved operating budget, remind the manager of the three-month rule.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Ch2 id=\"cet-yapi-s-approach\">ÇET Yapı&#39;s approach\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Since 1993, ÇET Yapı has treated concrete quality — verified by cores and laboratory results — and the soil survey as the first steps of every school, sports and residential project. To assess your building for risk, urban transformation or new construction, fill in the \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Furban-transformation\u002F#on-basvuru\">pre-application form\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cem>This article is for general information and is not legal advice. Implementation details will be set by Ministry regulations.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[189,192,195,198,201,204,207,210,213],{"id":190,"text":191},"who-is-affected","Who is affected?",{"id":193,"text":194},"ready-mixed-concrete-heavy-fines","Ready-mixed concrete: heavy fines",{"id":196,"text":197},"soil-and-foundation-surveys-licensed-firms-from-31-december-2026","Soil and foundation surveys: licensed firms from 31 December 2026",{"id":199,"text":200},"periodic-fire-safety-checks","Periodic fire safety checks",{"id":202,"text":203},"contractors-site-managers-and-inspection","Contractors, site managers and inspection",{"id":205,"text":206},"condominiums-operating-budget-and-advances","Condominiums: operating budget and advances",{"id":208,"text":209},"urban-transformation-grants-cannot-be-seized","Urban transformation grants cannot be seized",{"id":211,"text":212},"owner-checklist","Owner checklist",{"id":214,"text":215},"cet-yapi-s-approach","ÇET Yapı's approach",[217,218,219,220,221],"Law No. 7579 was published in the Official Gazette on 22 May 2026; all provisions except one paragraph on soil and foundation surveys took effect on publication.","Selling ready-mixed concrete to unlicensed buildings or producing concrete that fails core tests carries a TRY 500,000 fine; missing truck labels or QR-coded delivery notes carry TRY 250,000.","From 31 December 2026, soil and foundation surveys must be carried out by firms licensed by the Ministry, whose managers, partners and technical staff are liable for building damage.","Buildings with an occupancy permit become subject to periodic fire safety checks; defects must be remedied within at most six months.","Condominium operating budgets must be approved within three months, and urban transformation grants and loans can no longer be seized or assigned.",[223,224,225,226,227,228],{"q":67,"a":70},{"q":72,"a":74},{"q":76,"a":78},{"q":80,"a":82},{"q":84,"a":86},{"q":88,"a":90},[230,233],{"title":231,"url":232},"Official Gazette – Law No. 7579 (22 May 2026, No. 33261)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.resmigazete.gov.tr\u002Feskiler\u002F2026\u002F05\u002F20260522-1.htm",{"title":234,"url":235},"Rafet Aslan Law Firm – Amendments made to construction and real estate legislation by Law No. 7579","https:\u002F\u002Frafetaslan.av.tr\u002Fen\u002F7579-sayili-kanun-ile-insaat-ve-gayrimenkul-mevzuatinda-yapilan-degisiklikler-2026","DEÜ Necat Hepkon Sports Sciences Faculty building with external fire escape, built by ÇET Yapı","8 November 2026",null,"5 min read",[241,244,247],{"href":242,"title":243},"\u002Fen\u002Fprojects\u002Fdeu-necat-hepkon-spor-kompleksi\u002F","DEÜ Necat Hepkon Sports Complex",{"href":245,"title":246},"\u002Fen\u002Fprojects\u002Fyesilkoy-ates-sitesi\u002F","Yeşilköy Ateş Residence",{"href":248,"title":249},"\u002Fen\u002Fprojects\u002Fcet-merter-insaya-residences\u002F","Çet Merter İnsaya Residences",[251,254,257,260],{"href":252,"title":253},"\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fturkey-zoning-regulation-amendment-2026\u002F","Turkey's July 2026 Zoning Regulation Amendment: 40% Footprint, Lifts, Permits and Office-to-Residential Conversion",{"href":255,"title":256},"\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Furban-transformation-in-bakirkoy-yesilkoy-florya-atakoy\u002F","Urban Transformation in Bakırköy: Yeşilköy, Florya, Ataköy and Kartaltepe (2026 Guide)",{"href":258,"title":259},"\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fwill-my-flat-shrink-in-urban-transformation-turkey\u002F","Will My Flat Get Smaller in Urban Transformation? Land Share, Floor Area Ratio and m² (2026)",{"href":261,"title":262},"\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Finherited-shared-and-mortgaged-flats-in-urban-transformation-turkey\u002F","Inherited, Co-Owned and Mortgaged Flats in Urban Transformation: How Does It Work? 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